Dark Patterns
Also known as: Deceptive Patterns, Deceptive Design
Deceptive user interface designs that manipulate users into actions they didn't intend, from unwanted purchases to privacy violations.
Dark patterns are user interface design choices that trick users into doing things they didn’t intend to do. The term was coined by UX designer Harry Brignull in 2010.
Common Types
- Roach Motel: Easy to sign up, nearly impossible to cancel
- Confirm Shaming: Guilt-tripping language on opt-out buttons
- Hidden Costs: Fees revealed only at checkout
- Trick Questions: Confusing double-negatives in consent dialogs
- Misdirection: Visual design that draws attention away from important options
- Privacy Zuckering: Default settings that expose more data than users expect
Regulatory Response
- FTC has taken action against deceptive practices
- GDPR requires clear consent mechanisms
- California’s CPRA bans dark patterns in privacy contexts
- EU Digital Services Act addresses manipulative interfaces
Impact
Dark patterns erode trust, cause financial harm, and undermine informed consent—a cornerstone of privacy rights.